Benefits and limitations of strategic management

Benefits and limitations of strategic management The overall objective of any strategy is to ensure long-term survival. Strategic management is the process determined by specific persons to establish and implement the integrated concept that has already been described.† (Philip, Roland, & Nils, 2008, p.14). Strategic management emphasizes the strategic positioning and operating system efficiency, and it is generally regarded as the modern enterprise’s success. Each company will take appropriate strategies based on external environment and internal resources. After the implementation of these strategies, some will become potential benefits, while some will be the limitation to restrict development of enterprises instead of promoting. In the report, Tiger Airways Australia was chosen as the object of study. Tiger Airways Australia, a Singapore based subsidiary of Tiger Aviation, is a low cost airline currently servicing the Australian domestic market. Tiger Airways Australia commenced operations on 24 November 2007 as a domestic airline from its principal base at Melbourne, Victoria. Tiger made different strategies to enter the aviation in Australia to gain market share and win customers. Tiger have to face competition from Virgin Blue and Jetstar. The report discussed its strategies and the potential benefits and limitations can be analyzed in such different ways. The understanding of strategic management Strategy and strategic management have long been viewed as the concept and process that link an organization and its competitive environment. The traditional approaches to strategic management are in keeping with Newton’s mechanistic model of the universe and Fayol’s view of the management function. (Thomas, Marius, & Sven, 2006, p.68). The existing strategic management system -including defined purpose (vision, mission, objectives, etc.), organizational structure, planning processes, measurement practices, core competency focus, human resource management, culture norms, and evalua tion and reward systems – is more a source of organizational inertia than a proactive force for dynamic change (Thomas et al., 2006, p.73). Strategic management is necessary to position the firm a way that will assure its long-term survival in a competitive environment. (Paul, Ken, & John, 2004, p.3). Innovation always point to the reformulation of the strategies of a firm, therefore, strategic management is also about innovation. (Manikant ,2008, p.235) Components of strategic management process The various components of the strategic management process are including strategic planning strategy process, strategic decisions, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy change. The planning, balancing and positioning approaches to strategic management can be grouped as outward-in approaches, i.e. first analyzing the external environment and then analyzing and competitively gearing the internal environment. (Thomas et al., 2006, p.71). The strategic management pr ocess is the full set of commitments, decisions, and actions required for a firm to achieve strategic competitiveness and earn above-average returns. (Michael, R, & Robert, 2009, p.6) Tiger Airways Australia was chosen as the object of study. Australian market continued to be attractive for existing operators based on strong economic growth. Economic growth would benefit to development of the aviation industry (â€Å"Australia in brief†, n.d., 2008).And Tiger chose appropriate time to enter Australian aviation market. From the external transactions, Tiger gains the support of the state, has a very strong financial support and makes good use of economic forces. It took low-cost strategy. The potential benefits and limitations are analyzed as following through the implementation of internal and external strategic management. The ultimate goal of strategy is to create value for the firm, while the role of strategy analysis is to identify and exploit the sources of this value. (G rant, 2010, p.63)

Analyzing and contrasting data mining based network intrusion Essay

Analyzing and contrasting data mining based network intrusion detection system - Essay Example The objective of this research is to acquire a better insight about Data Mining-Based Network Intrusion Detection Systems. In this present era the computers are sophistically connected to each other in a form of network. In such networks there is every possibility of intrusion to important data. In order to maintain the integrity, network data has to be secured. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has made Internet usage most important part in everyone’s life and has become a major source of sending and receiving information. However, providing protection to the computers connected in a network is still a main issue to be tackled. In general, every organization wants their data to be safe and secure from the attackers. Information systems are easily accessible and can be intruded by the hackers over the internet if the networks are insecure. In this thesis, there are some procedures mentions for detecting network intrusions using data mining. This thesis also covers the different types of intrusions and justify how they can be best detected using available data mining tools. Data mining can be proved as a very useful method towards identifying any intrusion that might have taken place. The amount of extraction or hacking of data and intrusions are growing day by day. As a result, new intelligent Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are put in place to mitigate the intrusion and safeguard the data. Intrusion needs to be detected as we cannot stop intrusions but we can minimize them and stop hackers from threats. Declaration I certify that this thesis is carried out in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Computer Science, and has no contents copied from any external sources except for those whose references are made with in the text. ---------------------------------- ------------- Mohammed Altaf Ahmed khan Date Table of Contents List of Figures Figure 2.1: Transition from Data to Knowledge (Fayyad, Piatetsky and Smyth, 1996) 10 Figure 3.1 Snort High-Level Processing Stages (Wheeler, 2003)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦20 Figure 3.2 Bayesian Model Diagram Panda & Patra (2007)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.25 Chapter 1 Introduction In this age of the Information Revolution, there are obvious advantages that can be reaped from the vast and ever growing Internet Community in the web: 24/7 connectivity; robust e-commerce that simplified business transactions and operations; erasure of geographical separation and distance; and access to a multitude of modern means of communications. Yet, as benefits derived from being part of the Internet community are many to mention, one resounding concern that pervades this virtual world is security. Most, if not all, entities participating and part of the Internet world are on their toes, keeping their eyes over their own virtual place in the Internet. It can be said that SECURITY is one big important word in the Internet today. As of this press time, there are many unscrupulous entities that crowd the Internet and are ready to attack anyone and any site that has vulnerability in its network security setup. Since many e-commerce companies and enterprises depend on the Internet for its survival, it is not a surprise that there is a creation and formulation of different way to protect one’s network. Over the past couple of decades, techniques to secure network through latest technology have gained an importance and have proven to be a necessity to any entity maintaining and securing a network. The need for security has spawned in the creation and design of firewalls, cryptography, authentication and most of all intrusion detection systems. Among these security tools, network intrusion detection system holds a potential as a tool against computer crime. An intrusion detection system can simply be called the process of monitoring and an alyzing the events (ie. the traffic of packets going in and out of the network stream) that occurs in a computer system to enable to detect signs of security problems. Yet, as a network security technology tool, intrusion detecti

Mass production for ordinary consumers (Thesis- I believe that mass Essay

Mass production for ordinary consumers (Thesis- I believe that mass production of food by companies for consumers are putting the life of individual at risk - Essay Example ney and guarantees stability of quality but I believe that mass production of food by companies for consumers are putting the life of individual at risk. Most obviously mass production of food was reasonable and necessary at the times of industrialization when many people were moving from villages to cities. It helped to provide all classes of population with cheap food of a decent quality because it was made under uniformed conditions. However, as a result all local production has become less and less profitable and local cuisine has ceased to exist (Local Shops 1). In all the regions of the United states people can buy Domino`s pizza with the same taste and eat McDonald`s cheeseburgers. Moreover, in all the countries of the world it is possible to buy Coca–Cola and Lay`s and be sure that their taste is absolutely familiar. Supermarkets took places of small bakeries and vegetable stores turning people into robots who do not differentiate between a chicken from a neighborhood farm and a chicken from a big factory. It makes people less aware of what they are eating and it influences their health. As food giants tend to sell as many products as possible they need to save money on ingredients. It is no wonder that food made on factories and prepared in fast food restaurant chains is not expensive and good looking. First, it mostly contains fats, sodium, and sugar that are harmful for health. Moreover, there is a necessity to guarantee that almost all food will be sold that is why food giants make everything possible to extend the shelf life of the products. A number of additives are supposed to make food look more appealing. However, such ingredients as olestra, aspartame, artificial colors and flavors, monosodium glutamate, saccharin, sodium nitrate, sulfites, cyclamate, caffeine, BHA, BHT and acesulfame-potassium, are not natural and can evoke allergic reaction (Bruso 1). Mass production and fast food industry are considered to be the primary reasons of

U.S. Textile Industry Localization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

U.S. Textile Industry Localization - Essay Example On the other hand, the industry has undergone considerable changes in the location of the factories due to the globalization of internationals markets and trade relations as well as the growth of mass production. The demand for fabrics and apparels has been growth at a high pace since the beginning of the 20th century, while apparel manufacturers have been seeking to reconstruct their enterprises in order to get higher revenues and greater output at lower costs. Therefore, production capacities of many U.S. textile companies are now relocated to the developing countries with lower wage rates (as they were earlier relocated from North to South of USA). On the other hand, a great factor is a shift in the traditional production chain from the raw material producer to the retailer due to scientific and technological progress. This means that there is no longer the need for availability of the raw materials when considering the production site localization, for â€Å"agricultural produce rs are being replaced by chemical companies who manufacture synthetic fibers. Synthetic fibers can be produced autonomously from the places, where e.g. cotton is grown, depending only on power supplies and making the industry more fragmented. Wheeler (1998) states that the number of factories that process natural fibers is, therefore, smaller than of those producing synthetic fibers like polyester. Moreover, the main factor for the modern textile industry is – again – proximity of the immediate domestic market and proximity to the population.

Journey to the Centre of the Earth: Creative Writing

Journey to the Centre of the Earth: Creative Writing Thus the memorable session ended. This discussion had thrown me into a fever. I left my uncle’s study dazed; I felt there was not enough air to  breath in all the streets of Hamburg put together. So I decided to walk made to the banks of the Elbe. Was I really convinced of the truth or did I just bend under the rule of Professor Lidenbrock’s? However, I must confess that I did remember being convinced, although my enthusiasm was now beginning to fade  Ã¢â‚¬Å"This is all very absurd!’ I exclaimed. â€Å"No sensible man should ever entertain such a proposal. I must have had a bad dream.† I walked along the banks of the Elbe and working my way along the port I reached the Altona road where I saw Grà ¤uben walking gracefully back to Hamburg. â€Å"Grà ¤uben!† I shouted from a distance. â€Å"Axel!† she was rather surprised to see me there. She looked at me and noticed the distress and uneasy look on face. â€Å"What is the matter ?† she asked. And in a few seconds she was fully informed about the position of affairs. She listened attentively and remained silent for a few seconds. â€Å"Axel,† she said at last. â€Å"It’ll be a wonderful journey.† â€Å"Grà ¤uben, are you not going to stop me from going on such an  expedition?† â€Å"No, Axel, and I would have loved to go with but this poor girl will only be in your way† She was not afraid to join in herself and persuaded me  to take part in such an expedition! Night had fallen by the time we got home to Kà ¶nigstrasse. I expected  to find the house quiet, but I had forgotten about the professor’s impatience. I found him shouting and rushing round amongst a crowd of porters who were busy laoding boxes in the passage. â€Å" Axel, where have you been ?† he shouted. â€Å"Your boxes are not packed â€Å" â€Å"Are we really leaving?† I asked as I stood there motionless. â€Å"Of couse, we are!† â€Å"Day after tomorrow, crack of dawn.† I could hear no more and I took refuge in my little room. I could barely catch a wink that night and was called early the next morning. I decided not to open the door. But could resist the sweet voice saying of Grà ¤uben calling me . I came out and dragged Grà ¤uben  into the professor’s study. â€Å"Uncle, it is only the 16th of May and we have time until the end of June. What is the need to hurry?† I asked. â€Å"If we waited until 22 June, we would arrive too late to see the shadow of Scartaris playing along the crater of Snaefells! We have to get to Copenhagen as quickly as possible and try to find some means of transport there. Go and pack your trunk.† There was nothing more I could say. I went back up to my room. Grà ¤uben came with me. She immediately took charge, carefully packing  into a small suitcase the things needed for my journey. Finally the last strap had been tightened round the trunk. I went downstairs again. Throughout the day, more and more suppliers of scientific instruments,  firearms, and electrical apparatus arrived. Martha was in a terrible tizzy. Evening came. I was no longer aware of the passing of time. â€Å"See you tomorrow morning† said my uncle. â€Å"We will depart at six sharp.† I woke at five the next morning. My uncle was at table gobbling his breakfast. I couldn’t eat. At half past five, there was a rattling of wheels in the street. A large carriage arrived to take us to Altona station. It was soon piled up with our trunks. Meanwhile my uncle was solemnly putting the reins of the house in  Grà ¤uben’s hands. She kissed us goodbye. â€Å"Go, dear Axel.† You are leaving a fiancà ©e but you will come back to  a wife.† I held her briefly in my arms, then got into the carriage. She and  Martha waved us a last goodbye from the front door and the two horses, galloped off towards Altona. We had crossed the border into Holstein Province. Altona, a suburb of Hamburg, is the terminus of Kiel railway, which was to carry us to Belts. Soon the carriage pulled up in front of the station. My uncle’s  numerous packages and bulky trunks were offloaded and loaded into the luggage van. At seven o’clock, the steam-whistle blew, we were sitting opposite each other in our compartment and the locomotive moved off. We were off. We were alone in the carriage, but did not speak. My uncle checked his pockets and travelling-bag, I noticed that that not forgotten a single item needed for this project. Amongst other papers, there was a note addressed to the Danish consulate, signed by Mr Christiensen, who was the consul-general in Hamburg  and a good friend of the professor’s, this was to pave the way to an introduction to  the Governor of Iceland. I also noticed the famous document, which was carefully hidden away in a secret compartment of his portfolio. A little later the train reached Kiel, a stone’s throw from the sea and our luaggage was transferred on to the steamship. The streamer, Ellenora was not due to leave until after nightfall. We had nine hours to kill and so we set off to explore the town. At half past ten the smoke rose from the Ellenora into the sky and the steamer moved rapidly over the dark waters of the Great Belt. It was a dark night; there was a strong breeze and a the sea was very rough sea, we could see nothing except some occasional fires on shore and a lighthouse. At seven in the morning reached Korsor, a little town in the west coast of New Zealand. We were then transferred to another train. It took three hours to reach the capital of Denmark. My unclehadn’t shut his eyes all night. Finally we reached Copenhagen at Ten in the morning. We then took a cab to the Phoenix Hotel in Breda Gate. As soon as we reached the hotel, my uncle dragged me out of my room to go to the Museum of Northern Antiquities. He wanted to hand over the letter of recommendation to the director of this establishment, a friend of the Danish consul in Hamburg. The director had been informed that we were tourists bound for Iceland, and he did all he could to assist us. We visited the quays with the object of looking for a next ship to sail. A little Danish schooner, the Valkyrie, was due to sail for Reykjavik on 2 June. The captain, a Mr Bjarne, was on board. He told us to be on board by 7 a.m. on Tuesday. We then thanked Mr. Thomson for all his help and returned to the Phoenix. â€Å"Now let’s eat some breakfast and and then we can visit the town.† We first went to Kongens-nye-Torw, then we had a scrumptous breakfast at a french restaurant run by a French chef called Vincent. Then I took a childish pleasure in exploring the town, with my uncle. But he took notice of nothing ,not even the Royal Palace, nor the pretty seventeenth-century bridge across the canal in front of the museum. Except  when we arrived at the Vor Frelsers Kirke. There was not special about the church but its spire had attracted Professor’s attention. â€Å"Let us go up there,† he said. â€Å"But I may feel dizzy,† I said ‘All the more reason: we have to get used to it.’ I had no choice but to obey him. A caretaker who lived across the on the  street gave us the key, and our ascent began. My uncle went first, and I followed him slowly for I was sure to feel dizzy. At first everything went well. But after 150 spiral steps the air suddenly hit me in the face: we had arrived on the platform. This was where the open-air staircase began, protected only by a thin rail, the steps were now getting narrower, and seemed to up into infinity space. I started feeling dizzy. â€Å" I can’t do this,† I cried ‘Of course you can! You are not a coward? Start climbing!’ my uncle said in a very stern voice. The open air made my head turn. My legs began to give way. Soon I was crawling on my knees, then on my stomach. I closed my eyes and at last we reached the apex. â€Å"Open your eyes, Alex,† he shouted. â€Å"You need take a lesson in abysses† I opened my eyes. Above my head the clouds drifted past. I could see greenery on one side and the sparkling sea on the other side. My first lesson in dizziness lasted an hour. When at last I was allowed to come down and set foot again on the firm pavements of the streets, I was aching all over. â€Å"We shall do this again tomorrow,† said the Professor. And thus I was forced to undergo this anti-vertigo exercise for five days in succession! The day for our departure had arrived. The day before we left, Mr. Thomson visited us and gave us letters of recommendation for Count Trampe, the governor of Iceland, Mr Petursson, the bishop’s suffragan, and Mr Finsen, the mayor of Reykjavik. On 2nd at six in the evening we boarded the Valkyrie. And soon the schooner made full sail through the straits. â€Å"Is the wind favorable?† enquired my uncle. â€Å"Perfect,† replied Captain Bjarne. â€Å"How long will the journey take?† enquired my uncle. â€Å"Roughly about ten days, if we don’t have too many nor’wester passing the Faroes.’ The crossing did not involve any special incident.But my uncle was ill all thought the voyage. As a result, he was unable to converse with the Captian about the subject of Snaefell. He had to put off all his questions until he arrived, and spent all his time lying in the cabin. A few days later the  Valkyrie finally dropped its anchor in Faxa Bay, a little before Reykjavik.The professor finally came out of his cabin, a little weak, but still enthusiastic and with a gleam of satisfaction in his eye. As soon as the schooner was anchored, my uncle rushed out. But  before leaving the deck, he dragged me forward; pointing his finger at a distant mountain with two points on top, a double cone covered with perpetual snows. â€Å"Snaefell,† he shounted with joy and made a gesture indicating total secrecy, and then climbed down into the waiting boat. Soon we were treading the soil of Iceland itself. The first we met was the governor of the island, Baron Trampe himself. The professor presented the governor with the letters from Copenhagen and launched into a short conversation in Danish. My uncle also received a warm welcome from the mayor, Mr Finsen and Mr Fridriksson. Mr Fridriksson was a good natured gentleman who taught natural scienecs  at Reykjavik School. This humble scholar spoke only Icelandic and Latin and  was in fact the only person I could converse with during my entire stay in Iceland. He even offered us two rooms in his house to stay in. â€Å"Axel,† said my uncle, â€Å"there is no time to lose, I am going to the library to look for some manuscript of Saknussemm. â€Å"Okay, I will explore the town while you explore the library’† I said stepped out to roam the streets of Rejkiavik. After a good walk I returned to Mr Fridriksson’s house: my uncle was already there, together with his host at the dinner table. He devoured his portion voraciously. Mr Fridriksson asked him if he has any success at the library. â€Å"Your library is deserted and has nothing but a few tattered books† my uncle replied. If you will tell me what books you are looking for, perhaps I may be of some assistance to you. My uncle hesitated at first and then decided to speak. â€Å" Monsieur Fridrikssen, I wish to know if you have any works of of a certain Arne Saknussemm.† â€Å"Arne Saknussemm! Are you referring to that scholar of the sixteenth Century, the great alchemist,† asked Mr. Fridrikssen. â€Å"Yes, I am!â€Å" replied my uncle. â€Å"His works do not exist, in Iceland or anywhere else,† he cried. â€Å"What, why is that?† my uncle asked in astonishment. Arne Saknussemm was persecuted for heresy, and his works  were burned in 1573 by the hand of the executioner in Copenhagen.† â€Å"Yes, this explains everything,† said my uncle. â€Å" Now I understand why Saknussemm had to conceal the secret in an incomprehensible word-puzzle† â€Å"What secret?† asked Mr Fridriksson keenly My uncle stammered: â€Å"No, nothing.† Mr Fridriksson, was kind enough not to pursue the topic any more. â€Å"I hope that you will not leave our island without exploring its mineral riches?† he told my uncle. â€Å"There are many mountains, glaciers, volcanoes there are to be studied,  and explored! Look at that mountain on the horizon. It is called Snaefell.† â€Å"It is an unusual volcano, whose crater is rarely visited. It is extinct for the last five hundred years,† he continued. ‘Well!’ replied my uncle, frantically tapping his legs and trying really hard so as not to jump into the air. â€Å"I will begin my geological studies with this Snyfil. . . Feless. . . what is it called?† â€Å"Snaefell,† repeated Mr Fridriksson. My uncle was trying really hard to conceal his excitement. â€Å"Yes,’ said my uncle, we will try and climb this Snaefell, perhaps even try and study its crater!† â€Å"It seems a very good idea, Professor Lidenbrock, to begin with this  volcano. But you will have to go by land as we do not possess any small boat in Reykjavik.† â€Å"But I can offer you a guide, who is not only reliable and also very intelligent and speaks perfect Danish,† cried Mr. Fridriksson. â€Å"Very well then, can I meet him today?† asked my uncle. â€Å"I am afraid, he will only be here tomorrow.† â€Å"Tomorrow then,† my uncle replied with a sigh.

Comparison of the Use of Nature by Shelley and Wordsworth Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both Shelley, in "Ode to the West Wind," and Wordsworth, in "Intimations of Immortality," are very similar in their use of nature to describe the life and death of the human spirit. As they both describe nature these two poets use the comparison of how the Earth and all its life is the same as our own human life. I feel that Shelley uses the seasons as a way of portraying the human life during reincarnation. Wordsworth seems to concentrate more on the stages that a person goes through during life. Shelley compares himself to such things as clouds, leaves, and waves. He is writing the poem as if he were an object of the earth, and what it is like to once live and then die only to be reborn. On the other hand, Wordsworth takes images like meadows, fields, and birds and uses them to show what gives him life. Life being what ever a person needs to move on, and with out those objects can't have life. Wordsworth does not compare himself to these things like Shelley, bu t instead uses them as an example of how he feels about the stages of living. Starting from an infant to a young boy into a man, a man who knows death is coming and can do nothing about it because it's part of life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a man becomes old and has nothing to look forward to he will always look back, back to what are called the good old days. These days were full of young innocence, and no worries. Wordsworth describes these childhood days by saying that "A single Field which I have looked upon, / Both of them speak of something that is gone: The Pansy at my feet Doth the same tale repeat: Whither is fled the visionary gleam? Where is it now, the glory and the dream?"(190) Another example of how Wordsworth uses nature as a way of dwelling on his past childhood experiences is when he writes "O joy! That in our embers / Is something that doth live, / That nature yet remembers / What was so fugitive!" (192) Here an ember represents our fading years through life and nature is remembering the childhood that has escaped over the years. As far as Wordsworth and his moods go I think he is very touched by nature. I can picture him seeing life and feeling it in every flower, ant, and pie ce of grass that crosses his path. The emotion he feels is strongly suggested in this line "To me the meanest flower that blows can give / Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears." (193) Not only is this showi... ...d of this poem Shelley asks, "If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" (678) Now I wonder if this is just another line emphasizing rebirth and the similarities between the seasons. Or is Shelley saying this because he is getting the sense that the closer he gets to death the more he questions whether rebirth is real.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So after close examination of both these pieces of literature I feel that the differences between these two poets is that Wordsworth looks back on how life was and Shelley wonders what's after death. I would have to say that they're very similar in the way that they use nature as a way of portraying human life. The use of how nature affects them and their love for nature brings me to that conclusion. So what makes these pieces so powerful? Really it's not the reasoning between life and death; it's the comparison of how other living things on Earth that we take for granted are similar to us as a human race. When these two poets look at a flower or a sunset they see more than just a pretty flower or a beautiful sunset they see what life is made up of, which is wonderful at times and ugly at other times. Like the saying goes you can't have good without evil. Comparison of the Use of Nature by Shelley and Wordsworth Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both Shelley, in "Ode to the West Wind," and Wordsworth, in "Intimations of Immortality," are very similar in their use of nature to describe the life and death of the human spirit. As they both describe nature these two poets use the comparison of how the Earth and all its life is the same as our own human life. I feel that Shelley uses the seasons as a way of portraying the human life during reincarnation. Wordsworth seems to concentrate more on the stages that a person goes through during life. Shelley compares himself to such things as clouds, leaves, and waves. He is writing the poem as if he were an object of the earth, and what it is like to once live and then die only to be reborn. On the other hand, Wordsworth takes images like meadows, fields, and birds and uses them to show what gives him life. Life being what ever a person needs to move on, and with out those objects can't have life. Wordsworth does not compare himself to these things like Shelley, bu t instead uses them as an example of how he feels about the stages of living. Starting from an infant to a young boy into a man, a man who knows death is coming and can do nothing about it because it's part of life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a man becomes old and has nothing to look forward to he will always look back, back to what are called the good old days. These days were full of young innocence, and no worries. Wordsworth describes these childhood days by saying that "A single Field which I have looked upon, / Both of them speak of something that is gone: The Pansy at my feet Doth the same tale repeat: Whither is fled the visionary gleam? Where is it now, the glory and the dream?"(190) Another example of how Wordsworth uses nature as a way of dwelling on his past childhood experiences is when he writes "O joy! That in our embers / Is something that doth live, / That nature yet remembers / What was so fugitive!" (192) Here an ember represents our fading years through life and nature is remembering the childhood that has escaped over the years. As far as Wordsworth and his moods go I think he is very touched by nature. I can picture him seeing life and feeling it in every flower, ant, and pie ce of grass that crosses his path. The emotion he feels is strongly suggested in this line "To me the meanest flower that blows can give / Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears." (193) Not only is this showi... ...d of this poem Shelley asks, "If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" (678) Now I wonder if this is just another line emphasizing rebirth and the similarities between the seasons. Or is Shelley saying this because he is getting the sense that the closer he gets to death the more he questions whether rebirth is real.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So after close examination of both these pieces of literature I feel that the differences between these two poets is that Wordsworth looks back on how life was and Shelley wonders what's after death. I would have to say that they're very similar in the way that they use nature as a way of portraying human life. The use of how nature affects them and their love for nature brings me to that conclusion. So what makes these pieces so powerful? Really it's not the reasoning between life and death; it's the comparison of how other living things on Earth that we take for granted are similar to us as a human race. When these two poets look at a flower or a sunset they see more than just a pretty flower or a beautiful sunset they see what life is made up of, which is wonderful at times and ugly at other times. Like the saying goes you can't have good without evil.

How far did young peoples’ lives change beetween the early 1950’s and the late 1960’s?

Today, young adults or ‘teenagers' are known for having different fashions and ideas to the older generations. They dress differently, act differently and have a whole different attitude. However, it hasn't always been like this, before the Cultural Revolution of the late 50's and 60's, ‘young adults' as they were known then, were conforming and obedient who respected their parents and followed the music and fashions of the older generations. The word ‘teenager' is a relatively modern word. Although it has been around since the 1920's, it didn't become widely used until the late 1950's. This was because until then there was no such thing as a teenager. You basically went from being a child to an adult when you reached puberty. This was because of what society dictated. Teenagers weren't allowed to have their own cultures and attitudes, they were expected to go to school, have a job or get married, and produce children, and sexual relationships were expected to take place only after marriage. Much of this way of life was due to the hardships of the Depression and World War Two which created a shortage of money and a shortage of money to spend on fashion, music and leisure activities. After World War Two and the end of rationing in 1953, people began to have gradually more and more money. In 1950 the average weekly wage was à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½7.28 but by 1960 this had increased to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½14.10. They could afford to spend more on the latest gadgets or a night out to some form of entertainment. However, until the late 1950's, many people were still conforming and conventional. Things reached a turning point when a young, unknown American named Elvis Presley reached the music scene. His style was new and original and above all, different to anything that had been done before. This new type of music titled ‘rock ‘n' roll' had energy and beat which was appealing. Now, young people had more money and more time to spend on music. Music became influential. People began to go wild to the songs they were hearing because they were so excited by it. Parents disapproved of this new ‘rock ‘n' roll'. Elvis and other similar musicians were rebellious and unconventional. He challenged authority and his dancing was thought to encourage sex with the swinging of his hips. The words in his songs were thought to provoke sex too. Parents thought he would influence their children whom he did do to an extent, but there were other influences as well. Young people were having more and more opportunities. Due to changing social attitudes, teenagers became more rebellious and more independent. They were now able to spend more time with their friends and so they were able to form new, different social groups. In the 1950's there were the ‘Teddy Boys' and in the 1960's there were the ‘Rockers' and the ‘Mods'. The ‘Teddy Boys' had long, greased hair that was swept back, and wore Edwardian style coats. They listened to rock ‘n roll by people such as Bill Hayley. The ‘Rockers' were a development of the ‘Teddy Boys'. They had the same hairstyles but wore jeans and leather jackets and moved around on motorbikes. The ‘Mods' were ‘Rockers' rivals. Mods drove Italian scooters and wore expensive, tailored clothes. They listened to music inspired by black singers. Rhythm and blues and soul from the United States and ‘Ska' from Jamaica influenced them. Now that people had more money to spend, people could afford to buy more clothes and more consumer-orientated products. In the 50's girls stared wearing trousers which had been unheard of before. Fashion became orientated towards the young. ‘In 1958 Mary Quant was one of the first to design clothes, shoes, make-up and hairstyles for the under 20's'. Part of this is due to television. Now that television was more readily available, people were being influenced by the fashions shown on TV and because they had more money, they could buy the products advertised on TV. Jobs became more readily available. People were able to pick and choose the jobs they wanted rather than take whatever they could. Women started going to work more. This was totally new. Before, the social stereotypes dictated that the husband should be the breadwinner and the wife should look after the children. In World War Two, many women had to go out to work and some carried this through into the 1950's and 60's. Due to an increase in the amount of women going to work, teenage girls began to go out to work and attitudes towards women began to change. In the 1960's, boundaries were pushed further. As sex before marriage became more acceptable, much more emphasis was put on attracting the opposite sex. Dramatic eye make-up was widely popular in the 60's and skirts became shorter and shorter showing more and more leg. When contraception became legal, people became free of convention and all the constrictions of before were just put aside. People began to experiment like they had never experimented before. A new sub-group named ‘Hippies' emerged. They believed in free love and moral freedom. They promoted sexual liberation and the use or drugs in developing the spirit and mind as well as the body. But there was a downside to all this. The hippie way of life created selfishness and a lack of responsibility. Drugs were also an issue. The Hippies challenged society and its way of life and challenged what was considered normal social behaviour. In 1968 they even challenged political authority, as many people believed the way the government was being run was wrong. But it wasn't just Hippies who caused the breakdown of society. All the changes that had been happening right since the early 1950's had completely revolutionised everything and changed the rules of society. Some things stayed the same throughout the 1950's and 1960's. There was a continual influence from the USA on fashion and music and ideas. Although the music between the 1950's and 1960's was widely different, young people were still listening to music all the same. People watched the same programmes and parents views on society and what was acceptable, stayed the same. They still disapproved of what their children were up to and disapproved of the fashions and music as young teenagers began to show their individuality more and more. Overall, young peoples' lives during the 1950's and 1960's changed greatly in all aspects of life and culture. The whole idea of what a ‘teenager' is was changed around. Fashions became much more individual as did the music that represented the changing attitudes and ideas. The whole two decades could be called a revolution as so many things changed such as money and jobs and entertainment. People were sexually liberated when the pill became more available. Although some things stayed the same, all sides of society for young people were changed.

Purple Hibiscus

Symbols within Purple Hibiscus Ben Redman The novel Purple Hibiscus, by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, is a story of a girl learning to find her own voice and speak out against her violent oppressive father. The novel is set in post-colonial Nigeria, in a time in which the government was run by a military dictatorship. There are a number of symbols used to help develop ideas of the novel; the three most predominant ones being purple and red hibiscuses and Mama’s figurines.The red hibiscuses are symbolic of the violence and bloodshed in Kambili’s life whereas the purple hibiscuses symbolize freedom, defiance and the courage to speak out. The figurines are symbolic of Mama’s submissive character and denial of the violence in her home. These symbols help to develop one of the main themes of freedom vs. oppression. The color red also adds to the symbolism of the red hibiscuses. Red is a color which is often associated with anger, violence and bloodshed. These are all recu rring motifs in the novel with her father's reign of terror over the family.Red is the color that seems to haunt Kambili, ever since the beginning when she had to clean up her mother's blood, after the father abused and cause her to have a miss carriage. For a long time after the horrific incident, Kambili could not concentrate on anything but the â€Å"red blur† and the â€Å"narrow lines of blood† which hold together the images of her dead baby brother and her badly beaten mother. The red hibiscuses that are planted in the garden of the family's home in Enugu suggest the family's oppression, as it is only through Papa's violence that he keeps them under his control.Kambili, shows major changes throughout the story in her confidence and personality by gaining a voice. Kambili is an extremely shy girl because of she lives with the constant terror that her father reigns down on her, the father has scared Kambili to the point where she cannot even think for herself. Adic ihie shows Kambili's transformation mainly using dialogue and internal monologue, these changes Kambili made in herself where crucial in the story because they explained how she learns to break free from her fanatical father.At the beginning of the novel Kambili is perceived by her fellow class mates and peers to be stuck up and different because the students knew Kambili came from money and power, and thought she was ignoring them because maybe she thought she was better than everyone else. When in fact her silence and awkwardness is due to the fact that her father has crippled her self esteem so badly by showing oppressive parenting techniques. Her transition from silence to a full speaking girl is the most obvious change in the novel and it is what progresses the plot.Like I mentioned before the red hibiscuses planted at their home symbolizes the fathers terrible ways, and the power he has over the home. The red plants showed complete dominance over the household to the point whe re any of Kambili's thoughts or emotions where showed to reader through actions or internal monologue. The only time she would ever really speak was to mimic her father's preaching â€Å"God will deliver us,† in her repeated efforts to gain approval of her treacherous father. However some light begins to show during her stay in Nsukka.Before Kambili and Jaja went to stay with their aunt in Nsukka, they have never seen purple hibiscuses before. Purple hibiscuses in this story represents freedom, defiance and courage to speak out. This is very symbolic as it is only during their visit to their aunts home where they learn what true freedom is. Kambili's internal monologue beings to show signs of branching away from her silence and gaining a voice of her own. At first we see her struggling to break the silence as if she is scared that her father will find out somehow.She was described censoring herself from talking back to her cousin Amaka because she is smart mouthed and that sh e might be upset with Kambili herself. The first time Kambili truly spoke with thoughts of her own was when her beloved Father Amadi asked her why she is so quiet and why she hasn’t asked a question all night. Kambili was puzzled because no one has ever came to her and asked her to speak on something other than religious matters. What she said was â€Å"You don't have to shout, Amaka†¦ I don’t know how to do the orah leaves, but you can show me. Before this, they had known only of Papa’s violence, his ‘hurting love’ and his oppressive, dictator-like control. Purple is a color that is often associated with royalty but also self-expression. This is important, as it is only through expressing oneself and speaking out against oppressors can freedom truly be achieved. We also learn that it is only through experimentation that gardeners can create the rare purple hibiscus. This emphasizes the fact that Kambili and Jaja take their first tentative ste ps of speaking out and defying their father’s tyrannical rule.The purple hibiscuses that grow at Aunty Ifeoma's house in Nsukka are described as in the novel as â€Å"rare fragrant, with undertones of freedom†. These flowers are the most important symbols in the story as they are what represent Kambili's transformation. When the kids returned back to their miserable home Jaja brought some cuttings of the purple hibiscus's and hid them in fridge, to give him and Kambili a sense of security and protection from their father.He was afraid however that papa would find them and confiscate them, therefore almost crushing his rebellion. The contrast between the purple and red hibiscuses also is a large symbolic tool Adachi uses. The purple showing love, warmth, laughter and free expression what they experience in Nsukka, while red representing the constant fear they live under. Jaja bringing home the flowers brings inspiration to strive for freedom within their own home. Purple Hibiscus Symbols within Purple Hibiscus Ben Redman The novel Purple Hibiscus, by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, is a story of a girl learning to find her own voice and speak out against her violent oppressive father. The novel is set in post-colonial Nigeria, in a time in which the government was run by a military dictatorship. There are a number of symbols used to help develop ideas of the novel; the three most predominant ones being purple and red hibiscuses and Mama’s figurines.The red hibiscuses are symbolic of the violence and bloodshed in Kambili’s life whereas the purple hibiscuses symbolize freedom, defiance and the courage to speak out. The figurines are symbolic of Mama’s submissive character and denial of the violence in her home. These symbols help to develop one of the main themes of freedom vs. oppression. The color red also adds to the symbolism of the red hibiscuses. Red is a color which is often associated with anger, violence and bloodshed. These are all recu rring motifs in the novel with her father's reign of terror over the family.Red is the color that seems to haunt Kambili, ever since the beginning when she had to clean up her mother's blood, after the father abused and cause her to have a miss carriage. For a long time after the horrific incident, Kambili could not concentrate on anything but the â€Å"red blur† and the â€Å"narrow lines of blood† which hold together the images of her dead baby brother and her badly beaten mother. The red hibiscuses that are planted in the garden of the family's home in Enugu suggest the family's oppression, as it is only through Papa's violence that he keeps them under his control.Kambili, shows major changes throughout the story in her confidence and personality by gaining a voice. Kambili is an extremely shy girl because of she lives with the constant terror that her father reigns down on her, the father has scared Kambili to the point where she cannot even think for herself. Adic ihie shows Kambili's transformation mainly using dialogue and internal monologue, these changes Kambili made in herself where crucial in the story because they explained how she learns to break free from her fanatical father.At the beginning of the novel Kambili is perceived by her fellow class mates and peers to be stuck up and different because the students knew Kambili came from money and power, and thought she was ignoring them because maybe she thought she was better than everyone else. When in fact her silence and awkwardness is due to the fact that her father has crippled her self esteem so badly by showing oppressive parenting techniques. Her transition from silence to a full speaking girl is the most obvious change in the novel and it is what progresses the plot.Like I mentioned before the red hibiscuses planted at their home symbolizes the fathers terrible ways, and the power he has over the home. The red plants showed complete dominance over the household to the point whe re any of Kambili's thoughts or emotions where showed to reader through actions or internal monologue. The only time she would ever really speak was to mimic her father's preaching â€Å"God will deliver us,† in her repeated efforts to gain approval of her treacherous father. However some light begins to show during her stay in Nsukka.Before Kambili and Jaja went to stay with their aunt in Nsukka, they have never seen purple hibiscuses before. Purple hibiscuses in this story represents freedom, defiance and courage to speak out. This is very symbolic as it is only during their visit to their aunts home where they learn what true freedom is. Kambili's internal monologue beings to show signs of branching away from her silence and gaining a voice of her own. At first we see her struggling to break the silence as if she is scared that her father will find out somehow.She was described censoring herself from talking back to her cousin Amaka because she is smart mouthed and that sh e might be upset with Kambili herself. The first time Kambili truly spoke with thoughts of her own was when her beloved Father Amadi asked her why she is so quiet and why she hasn’t asked a question all night. Kambili was puzzled because no one has ever came to her and asked her to speak on something other than religious matters. What she said was â€Å"You don't have to shout, Amaka†¦ I don’t know how to do the orah leaves, but you can show me. Before this, they had known only of Papa’s violence, his ‘hurting love’ and his oppressive, dictator-like control. Purple is a color that is often associated with royalty but also self-expression. This is important, as it is only through expressing oneself and speaking out against oppressors can freedom truly be achieved. We also learn that it is only through experimentation that gardeners can create the rare purple hibiscus. This emphasizes the fact that Kambili and Jaja take their first tentative ste ps of speaking out and defying their father’s tyrannical rule.The purple hibiscuses that grow at Aunty Ifeoma's house in Nsukka are described as in the novel as â€Å"rare fragrant, with undertones of freedom†. These flowers are the most important symbols in the story as they are what represent Kambili's transformation. When the kids returned back to their miserable home Jaja brought some cuttings of the purple hibiscus's and hid them in fridge, to give him and Kambili a sense of security and protection from their father.He was afraid however that papa would find them and confiscate them, therefore almost crushing his rebellion. The contrast between the purple and red hibiscuses also is a large symbolic tool Adachi uses. The purple showing love, warmth, laughter and free expression what they experience in Nsukka, while red representing the constant fear they live under. Jaja bringing home the flowers brings inspiration to strive for freedom within their own home.